Contrast the factors a qualitative Essay

There is no hard and fast rule when it comes to the size of the sample used in a study, and there are many aspects to take into consideration. Contrast the factors a qualitative and quantitative researcher must consider when determining the sample size. How does the sample size impact the study? â€Å"Quantitative researchers seek to select samples that will allow them to achieve statistical conclusion validity and to generalize their results† (Polit 2012, p. 273). And as our text reminds us there is no simple formula to tell you how large a sample is needed for a study. The general recommendation our text gives us is â€Å"the largest sample size possible. † The larger sample size that is used increases the validity of the research. So in turn the smaller the sample size for either study increases the sampling error. The researcher should comparing characteristics of the study in relation to the variable, dependent and independent. The size for most studies â€Å"depends on the magnitude of the expected effect size, which is usually quantified by a relative risk, odds ratio, absolute risk difference, hazard ratio, or difference between two means or medians. The smaller the true-effect size, the larger the study needs to be (Hackshaw, 2008, p. 1141). References Hackshaw, A. (2008, November 1, 2008). Small studies: strengths and limitations. European Respiratory Journal, 32(5), 1141-1145. http://dx. doi. org/10. 1183/09031936. 00136408 This discussion will revolve around the topic of control. In quantitative studies, control is an important issue. What does control mean in research? Why is it important? What do you think is meant by controlling intrinsic and extrinsic variables? Give examples of effective ways to control variables in quantitative research. In qualitative research In research control is a variable in a study that usually remains constant. This variable is what the study results are compared to. This control is what helps the researcher to know if the study was performed correctly or appropriately. When we think about controlling intrinsic and extrinsic variables first we must know what these things are. By definition extrinsic means (Dictionary. com, 2013): being outside a thing; outward or external; operating or coming from without. Intrinsic means: belonging to a thing by its very nature.

Observation and Reflection Essay

Observation My partner, Jude, and I were partners and we decided to observe the volleyball game at the gym. While watching the game, there was a group of PNUan girls that caught my attention. So I decided to let them be the subject of my observation. That group of girls was really wild and loud as opposed to the rest of the audience watching the game. They shouted and cheered for the PNU team. Whenever the team scores, they stood up and cheered at full volume. They even had this jingle that goes like this â€Å" P-N-U FIGHT FIGHT FIGHT! † and sometimes mentioned a name of one of the players. But, I noticed that when the game started to reach its climax, those girls booed the opposing team every time they scored . Reflection: Maybe those girls are just really fond of watching volleyball games. Maybe they just want to show their support and encouragement to the PNU players that is why they were acting somewhat wild and loud. Actually, they are such good adherents of our Men’s Volleyball team because they were really at the top of their voices in cheering for the team. They also showed effort and commitment in supporting the team. But I find it ill-mannered when they started booing the other team. For me, it is good to support our players but supporting them does not include being rude to the others. They did not only humiliate their selves, but they have given shame to our school. In that simple action, they just showed that we PNUans are no better. But that is just my point of view. I learned from this experience, that simple actions can really affect your character. That even if you do a whole lot effort in doing something, if you stepped on someone’s dignity while on the way, it will never matter. We should always consider those people around us while performing our actions . We should practice thinking twice before we decide and do something. At the end of the day, what matters is on how we treat and associate with the people around us.

How to Select a College Admissions Counselor

In light of the recent admissions scandal, there’s a pervasive belief that using a college admissions counselor is the purview of the rich and famous. However, the truth is that it’s not just actors and actresses who are soliciting the services of counselors. On the contrary, a large percentage of parents from all social strata are hiring private college consultants to assist their children on the college journey. It’s hard to say exactly how many students use the services of college counselors each year. According to a survey conducted by marketing firm Lipman Hearne, 26 percent of students who scored in the 70th percentile or higher on the SAT admitted to using a private college counselor. However, it’s possible that this number is significantly higher, and some students simply don’t feel comfortable admitting seeking help. While dishonest companies like Edge College & Career Network, the business at the center of the admissions scandal, are the exception rather than the rule, it pays to do your homework when selecting a college admissions counselor. Read on to discover what types of admissions counselors are out there, along with questions to ask potential consultants. It’s not just the wealthy who can benefit from college education counselors. On the contrary, these experts help a wide array of high school students gain admission to their dream colleges. In particular, the services are beneficial to those with specific or niche passions, such as athletics or musical theater. Additionally, college counselors can help students identify lesser-known schools that have strong programs in their chosen majors. College counselors also provide valuable services to families of students with learning disabilities and other educational challenges. Along with ensuring students have the appropriate amount of time for SAT and ACT testing, consultants can work with you to identify schools that offer the best and most supportive programs for your teen’s needs and goals. Parents seeking college admissions support for their teens can generally choose between two different options: IECs and consulting firms. Also known as independent educational consultants, IECs help students throughout the application process. Along with supporting students in identifying the best reach, target, and safety schools, they offer information on financial aid and scholarships and provide feedback on admissions essays. In most cases, parents drop their teens off at a local IEC’s office to discuss college admissions questions one on one. This in-person support can help both students and parents feel more confident in the process. However, it’s worth noting that most independent educational consultants work with a very limited group of students with similar profiles. As a result, they might not have the up-to-date information needed to support teens from different backgrounds, races, ethnicities, and religions. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Additionally, independent educational consultants tend to operate with little oversight. Without state or federal agencies looking over their shoulders, some IECs have resorted to less-than-honest practices. This was the case earlier in the month when the U.S. Attorney in the District of Massachusetts brought federal charges against 50 individuals for taking part in a conspiracy to help high schoolers get into elite colleges around the nation. On the other hand, college consulting firms tend to work with a larger group of students, allowing them to utilize the latest data to support a wide range of students from diverse backgrounds. At , we’ve worked with over 10,000 students online, meaning location isn’t a factor in securing aid and we’ve seen a breadth of profiles and decisions. Along with solving college fit issues, firms support teens in selecting the best high school coursework, choosing extracurriculars, and revising their college essays. While IECs mostly work with students who are ready to send out applications, consulting firms, like , know the college journey begins as early as freshman year of high school. So where do you start when choosing an IEC or college consulting firm? The best admissions counselors have prior experience working with students of various backgrounds and profiles.   Because college counseling remains unregulated, students and parents have to do some of their own legwork when choosing a firm. Here are some important questions to ask before selecting a college admissions counselor: Make sure the answer is no to the following: If the answer to either of the last two questions is yes, this company is best avoided. Additionally, teens and their parents should stay away from any firm that offers an acceptance guarantee. The truth is that no reputable admissions counselor can promise to get a student into a particular school, and those who claim to do so may be using unfair, dishonest, or illegal tactics. At , we understand that not every student has access to private school admissions counselors who can walk them through the college application process. With that in mind, we created a program specifically to answer students’ questions about college admissions and help them build robust applicant portfolios. We’ve worked with over 10,000 students and are able to leverage data across all types of profiles and schools. You can meet with us from anywhere. We’re up to date on what is happening in admissions right now at hundreds of schools. We can help you understand your best fit colleges and how to maximize financial aid using data! Whether your goal is to determine which schools to target or boost financial aid, we can help you achieve your goals. To schedule an appointment with our team, call today or contact our College Applications Program online .

Actions for country, briefing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Actions for country, briefing - Essay Example First thing in analysis of the countries cultural practices is understands the countries history, understanding the present and finally trying to predict the future. This understanding will help in predicting the performance of the industry and also its future existence in the chosen country. Historical understanding of the country provides a clear perception of its tradition and background. It provides us with the reason why certain things are done by the country or the community. In Indian custom and tradition, it is a common practice for every Indian to wash his or her legs before getting inside the house at night. Studying history of the Indians you find that in the past when people used to walk with there bare foot, their feet became dirty and they needed to be washed before entering the house as an hygienic practice and a way to wash the evil ( Willford, 2007 ). This is because they believed that evil always attaches itself to the feet. This shows that the present reaction of p eople to certain things is an indication of the past reaction to the similar thing. Hence understanding of the Countries history is the basic of cultural analysis. The preferred country of choice is Australia. It is one of the Australian Countries found near longstanding trade, cultural links and investment with Asia region. It is almost completely surrounded by Indian and pacific oceans. Australia shares maritime territories with its neighboring countries. The countries that are neighboring Australia include Vanuatu, Solomon Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, new Guinea, East Timor and Indonesia, that are all island countries in Asia-pacific and S.E Asian regions. It also shares an overland border in Antarctic territory that joins territories claimed to belong to many nations. The largest country that neighbors Australia is Indonesia. Indonesia belongs to S.E Asian as well as Asia-Pacific regions. The second

Construction Safety in the uses of Lifting Appliance (LA) and Lifting Term Paper

Construction Safety in the uses of Lifting Appliance (LA) and Lifting Gears (LG) for Foundation Works - Term Paper Example Violation of these rules may lead to accidents and injuries, especially when dealing with lifting appliances and lifting gear for foundation works. The main activities pertaining to safety in construction are: the proper organization of the construction and operations; organized storage of materials and components: the organization of the site and passes, ensuring the normal operation and emergency lighting of the working area, the organization of technical supervision of the state mechanisms, crane tracks, proper functioning of all construction equipment; a systematic coaching staff; compulsory fencing of areas and stairs, as well as rotating and moving parts of the crane, compliance with the rules of operation of the crane in accordance with the Instructions for installation and operation of lifting devices, use of alarm accordance with the rules pertaining international construction safety laws, and last but not the least, ensuring electrical safety. (Prichard, 2001) One of the mo st important documents that provide trouble-free maintenance works in construction is a project of work organization.  This project takes into account all safety measures that are indicated in the document, including heavy mechanization and labor-intensive work on horizontal and vertical transportation of materials, types of used construction materials and their placement on the site, and the inventory of the forest, scaffolding. Storage of construction materials is allowed only in areas of projected work organization .Indiscriminate storage of materials, products and equipment is prohibited.  Gaps between warehouses and piles are installed in accordance with the requirements of fire-fighting equipment. (Opfer, 2008) At the construction site, pointers driveways and walkways must be installed.  Walkways and driveways for working machines must be free: blockage of materials or waste is not allowed. The width of driveways for one-way traffic shall be not less than 4 m. Aisles bet ween stacks of building materials should be at least 1 meter in each pile should be kept only homogeneous elements. There is serious risk when using lifting gear (LG) or lifting appliances (LA), which can lead to accidents.  Therefore, the zone within which the working crane is dangerous and must be fenced. Since the handling of lifting appliances and lifting gears is a dangerous activity and can be fatal in case of an accident, safety measures concerning their management must be taken into consideration. In this paper, we will talk about Safety concern in Reversed Circulation Drilling, Crane Rotator, the risk assessment and hazards associated with LA and LG. (Prichard, 2001) Controlling LA and LG The main objective of controlling an LA or an LG is to ensure the safe movement and precise stop load-bearing body at a given height, and, if appropriate device, to ascertain the smooth supply of goods into the building. The Hoist driver manages to land the keypad, a 5 to 30 m from the b ase of the lift (depending on the height of the building), or auxiliary control panel located at a carrying a lift. (Opfer, 2008) The driver of the lifting appliance or

Architecture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Architecture - Research Paper Example 56). Michael Webb joined the project with the contribution of his unique ideas and designs. Other members who joined the Archigram include Warren Chalk, Dennis Crompton and Ron Heron. Together, they proposed new ways of living that sought to explore the possibilities of new technologies while overthrowing modernist dogma of form follows function (Rattenbury, Robert, and Kieran 1995) Michael Webbs Drive-in Housing in 1966 explores the car and popular lifestyles that point out the behavioral changes in the society and bring out the redundancy of normal fixed buildings. This project entails an insight into the possible utilization of cars as mobile and serviced constituent parts that make up adaptable dwelling systems that consist of cars, drive-in buildings and other necessary services. It is a preliminary study that shades light on the design of techniques such as automated construction, servicing and dismantling methods usually used on the development of large buildings. The building in the project has a design large enough to house component production units in its establishment. The production units manufacture plastic panels that are molded and reinforced, which arrive to their position in the structure when folded up, and then open out to provide utilizable floor space (Ethapane 3). In this project, Webb prefers to use plastic as a constructional material instead of steel mainly because of the fact that plastic has more advantages of on-site production of components that steel. The idea is to transport the raw materials to one of the ports and then pump them through pipelines that lead to the production unit on the site of construction. This is not possible in the case of steel because one has to develop complete units at the production factory usually located at great distances away from the construction site (Ethapane 3). After the construction, completed drive-in homes will have the fixed service units at variable distances with

The Role of the United Nations in Defending International Human Rights Essay

The Role of the United Nations in Defending International Human Rights - Essay Example The United Nations is an organization which was founded in the year 1945, at the signing of the United Nations Charter by 50 countries, and it replaced the League of Nations, which was founded in 1919. Since 1948 there have been 60 UN peacekeeping missions, and thus far, close to 130 nations have contributed personnel at various times. As of the year 2007, there are now 192 United Nations member states, thus encompassing almost every recognized independent state. â€Å"From its headquarters in New York City, the UN and its specialized agencies decide on substantive and administrative issues in regular meetings throughout the year. The organization is divided into administrative bodies, including the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Secretariat, Trusteeship Council, and the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Additional bodies deal with the governance of all other UN System agencies, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nationâ€⠄¢s Children Fund (UNICEF). The UN’s most visible public figure is the Secretary-General† (Wikipedia, 2007). The purpose of the United Nations from the very beginning was to maintain international security and peace, seek to develop friendly relations amongst all nations, try to tackle economic and social problems as well as humanitarian issues, and act as a hub for all nations to be able to act together so that as a result their actions could then be directed towards achieving good for the whole of the world.... The organization is divided into administrative bodies, including the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Secretariat, Trusteeship Council, and the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Additional bodies deal with the governance of all other UN System agencies, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nation's Children Fund (UNICF). The UN's most visible public figure is the Secretary-General" (Wikipedia, 2007). The purpose of the United Nations from the very beginning was to maintain international security and peace, seek to develop friendly relations amongst all nations, try to tackle economic and social problems as well as humanitarian issues, and act as a hub for all nations to be able to act together so that as a result their actions could then be directed towards achieving good for the whole of the world. One of the most major goals of the UN is to defend international human rights, and they are by far the most representative and influential organization in the world in this regards. They have worked dutifully and consistently in order to provide the most stable and secure international human rights and they are constantly striving to even further improve in these areas. The importance of this particular role of the UN has always been evident and present, however more so than ever it has been in recent years, particularly in regards to the complexities and troubles that have been taking place internationally. One of the most recent and significant troubles is that of the invasion of Iraq by the United States, which occurred on March 20, 2003, and which resulted in the winning of a quick military victory and the ousting of the government of Saddam Hussein. Although both the United States and the

The Golden Age of Spain Period Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Golden Age of Spain Period - Research Paper Example This was within the period roughly between the tenth and twelve century, a time when Iberian Peninsula was under the Islamic command. The Jewish people marked this as their period that they had expansive participation in the economic and public life as well as their flourishing Hebrew culture. This Jews living in this era were very educated and cosmopolitan too (Lasker 80). Moreover, they engaged themselves in philosophy, science, literature and art though they remained committed to their religious traditions. It is important to note that the Jewish community living in Spain experienced a lengthy and extremely rich history that revolves back about 2000 years to roman rule. The roman period is a time when the Jewish left their territory Jerusalem and dispersed around the globe. The land of sepharad or sefarad thus Spain in Jewish language, is one of the largest contingents of Jewish settlement. The Sephardic community existed in times of peace and lots of prosperity for centuries though it endured some spells of oppression including prosecution (Lasker, 85). In the present day, the rediscovery of a lot of vibrant Jewish heritage of the ancient Iberian Peninsula has been noted and seen. A revival is underway on the Sephardic surroundings on various cultural events and the medieval synagogues in the vast lands of Spain. It has been noted that the confluence of Jewish culture in this particular area provides an interesting journey in studying the past. Cities such as Barcelona, Palma, Oviedo, Seville, Girona, Jean, Cardoba, Leon, Avila, Toledo, Segovia and Caceres found in this region still pose as Spanish Jewish sites (Lasker, 89). The discovery of other Jewish importance’s in Spain is still made up to date in cities such as Lorca where there is a well preserved synagogue that is visible when one is positioned at the Lorca Parador hotel. This is made even though there are cities existing notably possessing very rich Jewish heritage. This synagogue has more than 50 rare glass including oil amps that have been unearthed. Guests from a ll over flock in Spain to witness the overwhelming rich Jewish culture that is evidently characterized by vibrant architecture, grand hotels, art and to some extends some Jewish festivals (Hill, 55). Jewish religious authority was centered back in Babylonia a place where the Jewish Muslim counterparts held great Jewish leadership in great esteem. Hasdai ibn shaprut a Jewish physician through his efforts enabled the Jewish living in Spain to learn from the Jewish scholarly books. They no longer had to rely on the on the Babylonian academies religious authorities. The golden age was a time of partial Jewish autonomy. Especially as a dhimmis thus a protected non-Muslim living in the Islam world had to pay jizya which is different from zakat which is administered and paid separately by the Muslims. The jizya is similar to a head tax also a payment to non-conscription in the military. It was structured in the Muslim empire for non-Muslims not to precipitate in military activities includi ng bearing arms or receiving any basic martial art. So as attribute, the Jewish society had their own legal system including social services (Hill, 60).In that time, monotheist religions were tolerated thus of the people of the book. The activities that were not allowed were conscious displays of religious faith. This includes bells and processions that were heavily opposed and discouraged. In the Islamic world, identified Jewish including Christians were allowed to practice more freely than the Islam’

Switching point for work place - Fluid Power Lab Report

Switching point for work place - Fluid Power - Lab Report Example 1V2, 1V3,1V4 and 1V5 record multiple switching points when tested on mild steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass and copper work pieces and no points are recorded on plastic, cardboard and rubber. No hysteresis is recorded on plastic, cardboard and rubber. When dealing with magnetic sensors, it is important understand that there is a possibility of several switching points being existent. This can eventually result into multiple counting when counters are used. This effect is dependent on the strength of the field of the magnet used and the distance between the magnet and the proximity of the sensor. Attaching the magnet with the correct orientation of the axis helps to prevent the ambiguity of the output signal. The selection of sensors is a major factor that must be taken into account when looking for industrial solutions. The choice of the sensor is very crucial when performing any installations in an

Protein Families Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Protein Families - Coursework Example The analysis of a single gene sequence is done by establishing similarity with other known genes, determining phylogenetic trees and evolutionary relationships; identifying well-defined domains in the sequence, identifying physical properties, binding sites and modification sites comprising of the protein sequence features. For analysis of complete genomes and to determine which gene families are present in the protein and which are not present, several techniques such as location of genes on the chromosomes, correlation with function or evolution, expansion of duplication of gene families, identification of missing enzymes, and presence or absence of biochemical pathways are considered. Large scale events that have affected the evolution of organisms are also studied for genome analysis. When genes or genomes are analyzed with respect to functional data the techniques used are expression analysis, micro array data, mRNA concentration measurements, protein concentration measurements, proteomics, and covalent modifications. For analysis of gene and genomes from a functional perspective, comparative analyses of biochemical pathways are made along with deletion or mutant genotypes vs. phenotypes and identification of essential genes, or genes involved in specific processes in structure and functions of the organisms. Analysis of protein structure and functions are done with the help of computer simulations which are used as tools to investigate protein structure and dynamics under a wide variety of conditions.... When genes or genomes are analysed with respect to functional data the techniques used are expression analysis, micro array data, mRNA concentration measurements, protein concentration measurements, proteomics, and covalent modifications. For analysis of gene and genomes from a functional perspective, comparative analyses of biochemical pathways are made along with deletion or mutant genotypes vs. phenotypes and identification of essential genes, or genes involved in specific processes in structure and functions of the organisms (Lengauer, 2002). Analysis of protein structure and functions are done with the help of computer simulations which are used as tools to investigate protein structure and dynamics under a wide variety of conditions, ranging from ligand binding and enzyme-reaction mechanisms to denaturation (in which protein molecules become biologically inactive) and protein re-folding (Ponder and Case, 2003). In all these simulations, the energy of a protein is represented as a function of its atomic coordinates. These functions are known as force fields as forces on individual atoms are related to the gradient of this potential energy function (Ponder and Case, 2003). The protein force fields are represented using a simple equation that shows the potential energy function (Source, Ponder and Case, 2003) Source, Ponder and Case, 2003 The summations shown here are on bonds, torsions and angles and this equation represents the very basic potential energy function that can reproduce only the essential features of protein energy at an atomic level. According to Ponder and Case (2003), the combination of potential energy function and the other parameters constitute a force field.

Explain and Evaluate Two Approaches to Explaining Moral Development Essay Example for Free

Explain and Evaluate Two Approaches to Explaining Moral Development Essay Moral development is what we consider to be right, wrong, good or bad. It is developed from infancy through to adulthood and is the principles we use to determine what is right or wrong, fair or unfair. Each individual has their own understanding of what morality is, however generally this is determined largely by the culture or society we live in and the rules that we conform to within this society. In psychology there are many theories around the beliefs of moral development, and how morality is developed from childhood to adulthood. The reason for the different theories is due to the methods, ways of study adopted by the psychologists to study human behaviour. These theories allow us to compare and gives us the opportunity to take into consideration all views and ideas and not to settle for just one argument or approach around this subject. (http://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/97420082403.pdf) The aim of this assignment is look at the two different approaches to moral development, firstly the cognitive explanation to moral development by Jean Piaget. Then moving on to the social learning theory, and Bandura’s contribution to how morality develops. Criticisms of these theories will be discussed and evaluations based on the two studies will be made. Piaget was the first psychologist to study cognitive development in children. His work dates back to 1932 and his findings stated that morality develops through childhood and adolescence. He believed that children pass through different levels of morality according to their cognitive development. Piaget conducted a number of experiments and from these tests concluded that children up to the age of three or four could not make moral judgements as they were not able to understand rules at this age. He stated, if the children were unable to understand the rules and that they were breaking then they were unable to make moral judgements. He believed that once children could understand the rules, and that they were breaking them then this was the age that moral development began. From his research, this started at the age of about eight years old. Woods B, (2004 pg.72) Piaget believed that moral development in children of this age takes place in two stages. Stage one- heterononmous morality described as morality imposed from outside. This is when children see the rules as been made by parents, teachers or God and that they are unchangeable. Morality at this stage is based on moral punishment, you do something wrong and you will be punished. This stage is described by Piaget as the pre-operational stage of development where the child is only able to make his judgement based on the consequence of the action. The second stage- Autonomous morality described as morality which is based on the child’s own rules is apparent when the child is able to decentre and distinguish the intent behind the action along with the consequence of the action. It is the stage at which children are able to understand that rules are flexible to change and according to the situation. Woods B, (2004 pg.72) From Piagets experiments he was able to conclude that morality is based on the amount of cognitive development, how intelligent one is. The strengths of Piaget’s theory are that whilst conducting his experiments he did focus on children alone as learners. He contributed hugely to our understanding of education and believed that this was the key to saving our society. Piaget’s moral theory was described by his experiment with children that involved rules whilst playing a game of marbles. Children under the age of five showed they had no rules, children aged between ages 5-10 saw the rules as fixed and children 10 and above realised the rules and also adopted them by mutual consent. Moral dilemmas were also presented to children by Piaget to develop his theory further. He gave children a pair of stories where there first child deliberately caused a small amount of damage due to his actions. The second child caused much more damage but his actions were a result of an accident. Piaget asked the children to describe which character deserved to be punished in his attempt to understand children’s reasoning in their answers. His conclusion from his experiment was that younger children focused more on consequences, whilst the older ones took into consideration intent. From Piaget’s theory we have a greater understanding on the influence of mental processes on behaviour, we have greater understanding on perception and thinking. Along with the above, Piagets theory has had practical benefits such learning skills to improve memory and improving problem solving skills. Dwyer D Charles C (2006 pg318) Both of the above experiments have been criticised. Other theorists have claimed that games of marbles do not represent a childs entire perception of morality. Piagets use of moral dilemmas has also been criticised. It has been claimed that younger children only focused on consequences because the story was narrated, however the results may not have been the same if the stories were watched on video. Younger children may have been better able to consider intentions if they were. Other theorists conducting similar research found that, although younger children had some conception of intent, they still preferred to judge in terms of consequences because they found this easier. Piagets theory has also been criticised to be culture specific. It has been said that it is based on moral universals. It has been claimed that the moral development of children in non western cultures may differ from that of the children Piaget investigated. (http://everything2.com/title/Piaget%2527s+theory+of+m oral+development) Critics of Piaget’s theory have also stated that his research was not very scientific, that his findings were biased as he worked alone. Researchers conducting scientific experiments need to have two or more observers; Piaget observed and noted his findings alone. He was criticised for making generalisations with his findings by being culture specific and not taking into account background, tradition and upbringing of each child. An example of this is using clinical interviews to study the thinking of children. His sample size was criticised for being too small and did not give much consideration to social understanding. Due to all the criticisms above regarding Piagets work we can evaluate his theory as weak hence leading to errors in his conclusions. Haralambos M Rice D. (pg 522). Social learning theory approach to moral development is based on the idea that moral development happens as a result of observing and imitation. Albert Bandura 1977 studied this concept and came up with findings that concluded that children learn through recognition, reward and punishment. Social learning theorist, focus particularly on observational learning, imitation, recognition and reward. Woods B, (2004 pg. 126) Bandura conducted a number of experiments observing children’s behaviour towards an inflatable doll also called a Bobo doll. The children were separated into groups and the first watched an adult behaving aggressively towards this blown up inflatable doll. This was the aggressive model conditioning. The second group of children, the adult played with the other toys and was the non aggressive model condition. Along with a control group, which included children from the group who had witnessed an adult being violent and aggressive towards the Bobo doll. This group was then left in a room with a number of toys but not allowed to play with them in an attempt to build up the children’s frustration. The children were later left in a room and results were noted. The children who witnessed the adult being aggressive towards the Bobo doll imitated this behaviour and those from the non aggressive model displayed lower levels of aggression and violence, hence showing that children learn through imitation. (http://psychology.about.com/od/classicpsychologystudies/a/bobo-doll-experiment.htm) Bandura also believed that children learn from their social environment, this he believed provides models of behaviour and expectations of appropriate behaviour. He believed that children learn through observation, imitation and reinforcement which are all closely linked. Woods B, (2004 pg. 126) Along with Piaget’s theory, Bandura’s theory also has its criticisms. Bandura’s social learning theory takes into consideration cognitive learning but concentrates more upon the idea that morality is developed through positive reinforcement, imitation and the social environment. Woods B, (2004 pg. 71) When evaluating Bandura’s, experiment in attempt to understanding moral development, it is important to point out that the experiments were conducted in a laboratory and hence the results may not be true in the real world. Critics have also pointed out that there may be selection bias as the children in the experiment were all from the same socio economic background, making the results invalid and not true to society. The long term effect of this experiment is not known as the results were noted immediately, and the reality is very different to an experiment. Even though the children displayed violent behaviour towards the doll this does not prove that they would be violent towards another person. The children could also have demonstrated this behaviour to please the adult, again making the findings of this experiment inaccurate. (http://psychology.about.com/od/classicpsychologystudies/a/bobo-doll-experiment.htm) The aim of this essay was to explain and evaluate Piaget and Bandura’s theory. Both the theorists have contributed to understanding of moral development in today’s society and both equally face criticisms to their work. The main aspects that have been pointed out and open to attack are that both Bandura and Piaget have given little consideration to feelings, culture and religious beliefs. There sample was small not allowing general conclusions and findings to be widely acceptable. There experiments have been attacked for not being scientific. They failed to recognise that moral development has different content and meaning in different cultures and moral judgement is hugely influenced by society’s common law and traditions. Parents role and child nourishment are vital in how children and adolescents develop morally. Both Piaget and Bandura failed to take these important points into consideration when conducting their research. Piaget has studied cognitive development and his contributions are invaluable in the development of today education and the human development theory. Bandura looked more at social learning model one is amongst one of the most influential psychologists of our time. (http://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/97420082403.pdf)

Competition in Energy Drinks, Sports Drinks, and Vitamin-Enhanced Beverages Essay Example for Free

Competition in Energy Drinks, Sports Drinks, and Vitamin-Enhanced Beverages Essay Scientific evidence that some products are not healthy Effect people with heart arrhythmias and insomnia Mix with alcohol Relaxed Drink Niche – abuse with prescription cough syrup As we look at this SWOT analysis of the alternative beverage industry we notice that there are some opportunities that they have created and are able to use in the future. Consumers’ choices are changing from the standard soft drink to alternative beverages. The key is to be sustainable by building up these products. The main opportunity to help with sustainability is to build brand loyalty. Try building up the knowledge and uses of your brands will help you gain the skills needed to continue building the brand. Porter’s five-forces model reveals that the overall alternative beverage industry attractiveness is high. Some beverage companies, such as PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, have mastered the art of brand building in the alternativebeverage market and have been rewarded with rapid growth rates. The rising population of health conscious consumers is increasingly leaning towards alternative beverages that are believed to offer greater health benefits. The strongest competitive force, or most important to strategy formulation, is the threat of entry of new competitors. Competitive pressure from rival sellers is high in the alternative beverage industry. The number of brands competing in sports drinks, energy drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverage segments of the alternative beverage industry continue to grow each year. Both large and small vendors are launching new products and fighting for minimal retail shelf space. More and more consumers are moving away from traditional soft drinks to healthier alternative drinks. Demand is expected to grow worldwide as consumer purchasing power increases. Another strong competitive force is buyer bargaining power. Convenience stores and grocery stores have substantial leverage in negotiating pricing and slotting fees with alternative beverage producers due to the large quantity of their purchase. Newer brands are very vulnerable to buyer power because of limited space on store shelves. Top brands like Red Bull are almost always guaranteed space. This competitive force does not affect Coca-Cola or PepsiCo as much due to the variety of beverages the stores want to offer to the customer. As a result of this certain appeal, the two companies’ alternative beverage brands can almost always be found shelf space in grocery/convenience stores. Distributors, like restaurants, have less ability to negotiate for deep pricing discounts because of quantity limitations.

Benefits of Open Source Servers

Benefits of Open Source Servers The highest aim of the thesis is to consult the open source servers and knowing out their benefits in business industry. Owing to the extensive development of technology, it is high time to consider the best to be done to sustain and improve the businesses. The primary aim of a business person is not just bringing revenue for him/herself, but to look at long-term growth, one has to focus on achieving customers needs, being able to resolve issues in a sophisticated manner and keep the technology used in the business premises to be updated. The commanding  tools  are  near to authority and  privation.  The only for  database  management  systems  (DBMSs),  there  seems  to  be  good market  as of the open  source  products  are  used  in  organization,  that includes  businesscritical  analysis models  such  as  online  travel  booking,  management  of  client  inventories  for  telecommunications,  etc.  (Yuhann a, 2006) ( Christian Thomsen and Torben Bach Pedersen,2009).Business can be of small scale or medium scale or large scale. Irrespective of the type of business, computing system can play a vital role in business, though the type and intensity of computing system technology required and used may vary. As the business grow, the demand for the technology also rise which leaves a platform for the computing system to play a lead role. Increase in the size of the industry needs more manpower and more hours of labour. This increased labour cost can be kept in control by adapting modern technologies in business world. This literature review should enable us to understand the importance of the open source servers and its importance in todays business world. LITERATURE REVIEW: An open source server is described as a system where we can find a large number of computers and their suitable applications, their associated applications with normal database. Open source servers play an important position in business. The early development of open source servers is called as the Grid system. As the technological improvement in information technology is increasing, there should be kept more focus on information systems and the websites. As the term web had achieved the standard area where the developers are tested, while information system is being developing by the help of service-oriented architectures (SOA). The improvement is expandable, which makes hard to executive the limitations between the enterprise management services and internet services. These developed techniques can be able to visible to the organizations to bring out their business online.   Business can be of can be handled by single or with multiple members or clients as we can spell them as partnerships method. In this type of methods, the private business processes can be displayed or captured by the partners via public composite web applications. This helps the new business partners to receive some guidance on how to handle the work and also provide solutions for any technical troubles such as security and application conception.As we know that the top organizations just like Apple,IBM, and Microsoft got the direct proportion between the innovations and the stability of the firm. And such ideas had been supported by the American government owing to the demands for the developments in technology. Depending on the demands of the businesses, the website providers can either increase or reduce the capacity in information systems. Most of the open source applications are developed jointly by developers all around the world, connected by the Internet, as this is the advan ced and well applicable technology which can help clients manage their costs. This technology is useful for businesss which uses multiple servers. Open for Todays Companies Source: A Strategic Technology Approach These are the offers that had been visible for an open source server or software in order to transfer companies and their developers. Since from the last decade of time, most of its values had being created at the level of implementing the application to databases, application servers, operating systems, development tools, and so many etc. As it might be luring to imagine that an open source server is really just about doing the source code letting available for explore. If we drop code into a public locality and do wish to move the advancement on the private copy in the interior of our organization, as we are not done with the open source servers at this particular instant time. As on if we are running a authority access module or just giving the extra information as a documentation work. In order to develop or make advance of an exact leveling of trust or the belief, the one the code which we had written as there must be the exact module or the access the code out that there must b e the original access code that the advancing developers are working on it on. We might be knowing that various modules have being cleared out while the access code is being checked for confirming that it works on, other than but it must be a genuine on a module-by-module based not on the entire access base. As of we rectified, in business that as the loads of the file capacity goes more or get larger, then a better implementations techniques of technology had to be insured to get in to this competition world. The one such type of technology is the Digital Technology, where most of the business uses are in their daily life. As the business is expanding, then the demand to maintain it increases as well. And these demands are quite strong and need to be met in a smart way to survive in this economic world. Apart from just the technology there is lot more need to be involved in it. By utilising the latest computing technology, one can not only make the infrastructure look better, but t hey also will succeed in providing best customer service. The business process can be made more efficient and effective and by doing all above, they can easily bag better business deals and improve the incoming revenue. According to Bartlette (2000) in his study highlighted the crisis which the information technology industry has faced due to the computing problem is intense. The computers failed to calculate accurately the year 2000 being a historic two-digit programming and this can explain how important are computers in daily life for an individual and as well as a business set-up. A tremendous improvement in Information technology and various developments that are happening in engineering related topics may cant develops or improve the business. Best customer service, efficient and flexible methods and delivery in short span are the key success in business. Business renovation (BR) and continuous process improvement with suitable information technology strategies are key areas to be focused while improving the business. Information Technology is playing a major role in business by creating innovative ideas and implementing new procedures. Business is a complex phenomenon with extreme risks in this computing economic world. Taking right decisions at right times is outmost important in business development by the management. Business can be defined as i ndividual thoughts which are put in to practice by following the ethics while aiming towards economic-financial purposefulness. A business when improving from small to medium or to large demands increased in material, man power and financial resources. Among the above mentioned, human resource plays a vital role in business as it controls the technology. A group of technologies combined to form social computing which is new evolution of the web. Social computing plays immense role in the business world which has the capability to impact the society technologically and economically. The computer systems are no less efficient than the human body. Autonomic computing is defined as the discipline which intends to learn from the bodily operating system. The computer technology is equally efficient and complicated as well as fragile as the human body and is compared to the autonomic nervous system in the humans which controls the involuntary human physiological activities. This concept of autonomic computing originated in the year 2001 from IBM (Cooter and Max, 2010). Stockinger(2006), in his short study on grid computing system revealed, it plays a key role in solving scientific, technical or business problems which might demand multiple computer processing cycles while working on large amount of data. Grid Computing is a unified pattern of computer resources from multiple administrative domains aiming for a common goal. Supporting Stockinger(2006), Liang-Jie et al (2004) mentioned the underused capacity of the computers has been taken utilised in grid computing technology to solve business problems and they indirectly provide additional support to the IT-level infrastructure to support business applications. By using grid computing technology the vendor has complete control and depending on his/her requirement he can upgrade and maintains the application. Hence it is very well understood, grid computing system supports the business big time. Benefits and Risks of Open Source Software Compared to Traditional COTS: The instant release rate of OSS assigns attaches and fixes quickly, possibly an order of magnitude quicker than those of commercial applications. Open Source applications is approximately easy to fix it because it frequently incorporates aspects such as central administration and distinct management. Because the access code is publicly available, Program Managers can have the access confirmed to meet their specific needs and tightly authority system resources. Moreover, Program Managers can re-use code written by others for familiar operations or ambitions. CONCLUSION: In this study, it is proved that the use of open source servers had a great impact on the business related ones. And almost every business irrespective of its size tends to have their own required level of using the open source servers in their area of specification of the systems that are embedded in their business models. The larger the size of the business, the more efficient the use of the open source servers technology is going to implemented in that.So finally we can conclude that by the usage of the open source servers in the business , it provides a quality of refinement, that it provides to work at and also provides customers the best of the service in the industry of all their best. It is also proved that by using of this open source servers can minutes the unnecessary cost by using it when required. To that conclude, that open source servers of a system has a huge impact on business and yields totally positive results. DISCUSSION:  Ã‚  Ã‚   The following is a brief examination or a study mainly that focus on the importance of the usage of open source servers in Business it has been identified where computing system stands in modern industrialized world. For a business to grow, one needs man power, good products, excellent marketing system etc.   But out of the all above mentioned, it is also important to have the recent technology being used in the business firms.   Using latest technology makes business easier in many ways.   Computing system plays a major role in present generation.   the more sophisticated is the technology the better the yield would be in business.   The above mentioned statement had been proved in this study.   After careful analysation of the selected articles, one should understand the necessity for the use of computing system in business.   Irrespective of a small scale or medium scale or a large scale industry, implementing computing systems in business can certainly yield better results, which was proved in this study. As the business improves and grows up the ladder, one cannot be technically or technologically challenged, instead should try and win the race by acquainting to the recent and evolving computing technology.

Hepatitis B :: essays research papers

Risk Factors for HBV Infection Although relatively rare in the United States, hepatitis B is endemic in parts of Asia where hundreds of millions of individuals may be infected. HBV is transmitted horizontally by blood and blood products and sexual transmission. It is also transmitted vertically from mother to infant in the perinatal period which is a major mode of transmission in regions where hepatitis B is endemic. The blood supply in developed countries has been screened for HBV for many years and at present transmission by blood transfusion is extremely rare. Major routes of transmission among adults in Western countries are intravenous drug use and sexual contact. The risk of HBV infection is notably high in promiscuous homosexual men but it is also transmitted sexually from men to women and women to men. Transmission is probably prevented by correct use of condoms. Health care workers and patients receiving hemodialysis are also at increased risk of infection. Effective vaccines are available for the prevention of HBV infection. All individuals at risk for infection should be vaccinated. Post-exposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin is also effective for non-immune individuals after a known exposure (e. g. needle stick). Consequences of HBV Infection HBV causes acute and chronic hepatitis. The chances of becoming chronically infected depends upon age. About 90% of infected neonates and 50% of infected young children will become chronically infected. In contrast, only about 5% to 10% of immunocompetent adults infected with HBV develop chronic hepatitis B. In some individuals who become chronically infected, especially neonates and children, the acute infection will not be clinically apparent. Acute hepatitis B can range from subclinical disease to fulminant hepatic failure in about 2% of cases. Many acutely infected individuals develop clinically apparent acute hepatitis with loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and jaundice. In cases of fulminant hepatic failure from acute HBV infection, orthotopic liver transplantation can be life-saving. About 90% to 95% of acutely infected adults recover without sequelae. About 5% to 10% of acutely infected adults become chronically infected. The natural history of chronic HBV infection can vary dramatically between individuals. Some will develop a condition commonly referred to as a chronic carrier state. These patients, who are still potentially infectious, have no symptoms and no abnormalities on laboratory testing. Nonetheless, some of these patients will have evidence of hepatitis on liver biopsy. Some individuals with chronic hepatitis B will have clinically insignificant or minimal liver disease and never develop complications.

Londons Tree Nursery- QM problem :: essays research papers

LONDON’S TREE NURSERY Model Problem Solving   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  London’s Nursery is a business that grows and sells evergreen trees. Here lately London’s has been looking into purchasing some new land in order to be able to grow some additional trees. This new land purchase will just be intended for the production of Colorado Blue Spruce trees and Concolor Fir trees. The London’s are looking at a section of land that is ten acres big. Before London’s decides to buy this land they want to know the amount of profits that they will be able to make off the land with the two different types of trees. They also want to know how many of each type of tree they will be able to plant on this section of land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The model that will be used to determine the best option for London’s will be an Integer Programming Model and this model will be a total integer model. The reason why I selected to use a total integer model is because of the fact that you can not technically grow or sell only part of a tree. The issue of the amount of land can be divided out into fractions of land, but when objects such as these are being dealt with, fractions are not going to be able to properly give you a precise answer. When you use a total integer model, all of the decisions variables are required to have integer solution values. So, instead of coming up with an answer that might say you should produce 125.4 Colorado trees and 136.8 Concolor trees, your answer will not require any guessing or rounding down to try to determine the results. With a total integer model, your answer will be exact and it won’t require taking any chances. The new trees that London’s plan on growing on their new land have different requirements. The Colorado Blue Spruce requires about five square feet of room, and the Concolor Fir tree normally needs around seven square feet of room to properly grow and be maintained. The two trees also require different amounts of labor time in maintaining them. During the time that the nursery will have the trees a Colorado tree needs 1.5 hours of labor, but since the Concolor tree is more of an easy adapting tree they only need 1 hour(s) of labor a week. The London’s Tree Nursery has an extra 300 hours that they plan on using for these trees.

Sylvia Plath Essay -- Sylvia Plath Biography Biographies Essays

Sylvia Plath was a gifted writer, poet and verbal artist whose personal anguish and torment visibly manifested itself in her work. Much of her angst stems from her warped relationship with her father. Other factors that influenced her works were her strained views of human sexuality, her sado-masochistic tendencies, self-hatred and her traditional upbringing. She was labeled as a confessional poet and biographical and historical material is absolutely necessary to understand her work. Syliva Plath was born on 27, 1963, in Boston, Massachusetts to Otto Emil Plath and Aurelia Schober. Otto Plath was a professor of biology and German at Boston University. He was of German descent and had emigrated from Grabow when he was fifteen. Her mother was a first generation American; she was born in Boston to Austrian parents. Their common Germanic background indirectly led to their meeting in 1929. Aurelia Schober took a German class taught by Otto Plath. Aurelia was working on a master’s degree in English and German at Bosto n University. Otto Plath was guided by his principles of discipline. Their background was one major source of for Sylvia’s poetic imagery. Sylvia’s brother, Warren, was born on April 27, 1935. After Warren’s birth, the family moved to Winthrop, Massachusetts just east of Boston. Otto’s health began to fail shortly after Warren’s birth. He thought he had cancer as a friend of his, with similar symptoms, had recently lost a battle with lung cancer. â€Å"He refused to seek medical care due to the lack of a cure or effective treatment at that time. In 1940 after suffering ill health for years, Otto was forced to see a doctor for an infection in his foot. The doctor diagnosed the illness Otto has been suffering from as not cancer, but diabetes- -and not do advanced that it threatened his life. Otto’s leg had to be removed in October after he developed gangrene, and he spent the rest of his days in the hospital rapidly declining.† (Nuerotic Poets) Otto Plath died on the night of November 5, 1940. Her fathers’s death scarred her permanently; theirs was an extraordinarily close relationship. In 1942, Aurelia moved the family to Wellesley so that she could return to work despite her own health problems to support her family. Sylvia began writing when she was only five years old. Her first publication was a short couplet she wrote when she was eigh... ...hould be able to control and manipulate experiences even the most terrifying, like madness, being tortured, this sort of experience, and one should be able to manipulate these experiences with an informed and intelligent mind†¦.† (Uroff 37) Plath’s work is valuable for its ability to reach today’s reader, because of its concern with the real problems of our culture. In this age of gender conflicts, broken families, and economic inequities, Plath’s forthright language speaks loudly about the anger of being both betrayed and powerless. She was hailed as literary symbol of the women’s rights movement and a feminist writer of great significance. Sylvia Plath began by creating art that imitated life, but ended when life imitated art. Works Cited Butscher, Edward, ed. with and introduction. Sylvia Plath: the woman and the work. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1977. Plath, Sylvia. The Journals of Sylvia Plath. Ed. Ted Hughes and Frances McCullough. New York: Ballantine Books, 1982. Sylvia Plath. Ed. Brenda C Mondragon. n.d. Web. 18 May 2015. http://www.neuroticpoets.com/plath/ Uroff, Margaret Dickie. Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1979.

PESTEL and Porter’s Five Force Analysis of QANTAS Essay

Executive Summary The following paper provides an analysis and evaluation of the current market position of Qantas and the airline industry. By assessing the company both internally and externally by applying PESTLE and Porter’s Five Force frameworks, this report will assess Qantas’ opportunities and strengths within the aviation industry. In addition to this, the report will focus on the specific resources and capabilities that enable Qantas to obtain a competitive advantage over its competitors through the use of the VRIO framework. A final analysis will be conducted to identify issues Qantas face and recommendations of how they can rectify these issues. 1. Background Qantas began in the Queensland outback during 1920. It was first registered as the Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services (QANTAS) and has since grown to be Australia’s largest domestic and international airline, as well as one of the strongest brands in Australia, employing close to 35,000 personnel worldwide (Qantas, 2010). Based out of Sydney, Qantas currently operates close to 5000 weekly flights across Australia, New Zealand, Africa, North America, South America, Europe and Asia, flying close to 50 global destinations (Qantas, 2010). There a four major domestic airliners that have the majority of the market share in Australia; Qantas, Virgin Blue, Tiger Airways and Jetstar (Dixon, 2006). Nicknamed ‘The flying Kangaroo’, Qantas is the largest Australian global airlines and is a charter member of the â€Å"One world Alliance†. Qantas operates domestically under ‘QantasLink’, which carries out 2000 regional flights weekly. They also operate their low fare airline ‘Jetstar’, and Qantas Freight (Qantas Airways, 2012). 2. PESTLE ANALYSIS Applying the PESTLE analysis on the aviation industry will help to identify the environmental influences by arranging them into six categories; Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental (Issa, 2010). Future trends and requirements for change based on these trends can be identified through this analytical tool (Johnson, et al, 2008). 2.1 Political Terrorism has had a major affect the aviation industry. It is still a very  real possibility of airplanes being hijacked or blown up in mid air and this has put a negative impact upon the industry. The recent Malaysia Airlines tragedies are evidence of this, as is September 11. 2.2 Economic Oil prices have a significant impact on the airline industry. Due to recent developments in the oil markets, airlines have to employ non-monetary methods; techniques include hedging or airline alliances, in order to increase fuel-buying power. This will allow airlines to buy fuel in larger quantities and create contractual agreements with oil suppliers (Thompson and Gamble, 2012). The most recent and economically crippling factor that has influenced the airline industry is the Global Financial Crisis (GFC)(Nuguid, 2011). This presents a potential weakness or threat for Qantas who may come to feel that their premium price for quality service is not enough to get the customers to fly with them. 2.3 Social The number of people using airlines to fly to holiday destinations has increased due to economic growth. Therefore, the market has expanded and new opportunities for tourism have opened in previously frequented countries. How society is observed as it transmits to air travel has a great deal to do with September 11, 2001. As a result of this tragic event, the judgments of the world have become increasingly profound to the background of passengers traveling on planes. It has shaped something of a undesirable perception for particular cultures and beliefs. This discourages people to travel with other passengers or airline, directly affects the airline industry (Reilly.N.J, 2010) 2.4 Technological Technological developments have both created new opportunities as well as threats for the aviation industry. Development in information and communication technologies has enabled strong communication and has  consequently provided customers with an alternative for frequent travelling, for example; Qantas Frequent Flyer programs. Airlines are now able to expand their outreach directly to consumers through e-commerce. For example, airlines like Qantas are able to introduce ticketless travel through the use of technology (Thompson and Gamble, 2012). 2.5 Legal The implementation of the carbon tax had a negative affect on the aviation industry, as the airlines could not absorb the higher cost of fuel. This meant to offset costs travelers would pay extra in ticket prices (Herald, 2011). Some governments provide subsidies that provide an unfair advantage and prices lower than market conditions which affects the functioning of airline industries directly and Global environmental policies regarding emissions and international route deregulation may affect airline operations in present as well as in future (Fulton.J, 2010). 2.6 Environmental The aircraft’s emissions have a significantly high impact to the environment as they travel several kilometers above the surface of the earth. Aircraft emissions cause significant damage to the atmosphere (Penner et al. 2001). Noise polution is another major environmental concern (â€Å"Aircraft Noise is Unhealthy†, 2008). 3. Porter’s five forces In order to analyse the industrial environment of Qantas Airlines and evaluate the nature of the competition faced by the company, the following analysis was carried out using Porter’s Five Force framework (Porter, 2008). 3.1 Competitive Rivalry The competitive rivalry in airline industry has been increasing, especially through mergers, acquisitions and subsidiaries. Qantas established it’s low-cost airline Jetstar in 2003 creating a two-brand strategy. By having these â€Å"two brands† the Qantas Group is able to assess different market opportunities and deploy the best product to suit the opportunity and  specific market conditions this also creates a competitive advantage. New rivals have emerged following the footsteps of Qantas, such as Singapore Airlines and British Airways, and are threatening Qantas’ market share in the no-frill, low-price trade by offering lower costs and attending customer service (Mouawad, 2010). 3.2 Entry Barriers There are high barriers to enter this industry, as it requires a large initial capital investment. In conjunction with the price wars and low profit margins, it has become difficult to make substantial profit. It is very common for airlines to project losses in their financial statements. Therefore a new entrant must be able to handle losses at the beginning. Another barrier to entry is the limited availability of landing slots in Australian airports. The slots are already reserved by established airlines and are difficult to obtain especially in airports with high passenger demand (Czemy 2008). 3.3 Threat of Substitutes There are many substitutes in terms of long distance travel such as; cars, trains and cruise boats and these are generally cheaper. However, air travel has the absolute advantage in terms of time. Thus, the threat of substitute is relatively low. 3.4 Bargaining power of suppliers Boeing and Airbus are the main aircraft suppliers for large airlines like Qantas. Qantas plans to spend capital investment worth around US$17 billion in more fuel efficient, next generation aircraft, such as the Airbus A380, Boeing 787 Dreamliner and Airbus A320 neo (Qantas, 2014). Qantas is heavily dependent on the price of oil for its profit margins, which implies high bargaining power of oil suppliers. Price hedging is limited and high rises in prices can manipulate Qantas’ fuel costs. Due to the limited number of aircraft suppliers, and the continuous need for fuel, it can be said that the bargaining power of suppliers is quite high. (Thompson and Gamble, 2012). 3.5 Bargaining power of buyers Consumers have high bargaining power with Qantas, which is mainly attributed to their price based preference. Receiving the same service, the consumers will select the airline that offers them best value for their money. Due to  the widely available information technology tools, such as Flight Center and SkyScanner, consumers have the ability to compare flight services and prices before making their final selection. Since the switching costs for customer is very low, the bargaining power of buyers is high. 3.6 Analysis Qantas gains its competitive advantage through its strategic capabilities that are gained from its resources and capabilities. It is through these, that the company can respond to its external environment and succeed. The airline industry is very competitive and as a result, profit margins are usually low. Also, the bargaining of the supplier is very high which undermines companies in the airline industry to exercise control over their supplier. With high entry cost, new competition into the international airline market is very low. Qantas can continue to dominate this market while still competing with domestic market using the Frequent Flyer program to increase loyal customers. 4. Opportunities and Threats By conducting both the PESTLE and Five Force analyses for the macro-environment we are able to determine a number of opportunities and threats that the aviation industry possess. Opportunities Threats Offers continual expansion opportunities for both leisure and business destinations Technology advances can result in cost savings, from more fuel efficient aircraft to more automated processes on the ground Technology can also result in increased revenue due to customer-friendly service enhancements like inflight internet access and other value-added products for which a customer will pay extra A global economic downturn negatively affects leisure, optional travel, and business travel The price of fuel is not the greatest cost for many airlines. An upward spike can destabilise the business model Terrorist attacks anywhere in the world could negatively affect air travel Government intervention could result in new costly rules or new international competition 5. Resources and Capabilities The following is an evaluation of Qantas internal resources and capabilities. Resources Capabilities Airport locations/hangers Engineering facilities Trained personnel In-flight food (Neil Perry’s involvement) Qantas lounges/restaurants Storage facilities for inventory, ranging from machinery to uniforms Training facilities for flight attendants and pilots New IT systems to promote more efficient operations including the evolution of e-tickets New development in cost effective service (e.g. with food, cutting costs on ingredients) New developments for the ‘frequent flyer’ scheme to adapt to competitors’ similar concepts including the Chairman’s Lounge Fleet development: â€Å"The airline has been constantly growing since its inception as a result of increasing fleets. Qantas has been purchasing Boeing aircraft makes like the 747-400. The availability of more aircrafts meant that the company can maintain schedules and meet maintenance needs of the old aircrafts (Qantas, 2014). By applying the VRIO framework to Qantas we can observe that not all resources sustain a competitive advantage. Jetstar, QantasLink and the Qantas brand in general are all strong resources that allow Qantas to sustain their competitive advantage. However, from the aforementioned  resources this competitive advantage for the Qantas Group as a whole is unsustainable. From the analysis, Qantas’ core competencies can be identified as their two-brand strategy, their diverse services and their reputation. 6. Issues The following is a list of weaknesses/ issues as identified by the SWOT framework: 1. Competitors 2. Higher labor and other operating costs than its competitors 3. The current strategies Qantas include their low-cost carrier and the Frequent Flyer Program (Jones, 2009) 4. Ongoing disputes between Qantas management and militant unions 5. Speculation that British airways will quit its $1.3 billion stake in Qantas (Qantas, Working Towards Our Vision, 2013) 6. Outdated IT systems. Recommendations To help reduce the affect of the aforementioned weaknesses Qantas could: Attract customers through improved customer service Advertise in social media  Engage employees and establish a better employee management system Adopt a corporate level strategy, which is the long-term direction of an organisation (Porter, Smith, Fagg), for Qantas this will focus on cost reduction. Develop a business level strategy that focuses on the need for differentiation (Michael A. Hitt, 2006). Focus should also be on the increased use of IT, to increase operational efficiency ie. Cloud Computing (Harrison, 2005). 7. Conclusion The Qantas Group has adopted potential alliances and partnership strategies to expand in the aviation business. However, there are some threats that will always affect them such as fuel costs, low cost airlines and alternative transportation. Qantas has remained strong by applying their core competencies like their two-brand strategy and their service diversity. To survive in both the global and domestic markets, the Qantas Group need to  establish efficient strategies to maintain the firm position in aviation industry as well as preparing for the unexpected. 8. References: â€Å"Aircraft Noise is Unhealthy†, (2008) Health Hype.Com. Available from http://www.healthhype.com/aircraft-noise-is-unhealthy.html (cited on 20th, March, 2013) Czemy, A (2008). Airport Slots: International Experiences and Options for Reform. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Dixon, G. (2006, February 23). Qantas not afraid of competition. The Age . G.G. Dess, G.T. Lumpkin, M.L. Taylor, A.A. Thompson, and A.J. Strickland III, Strategic Management (Boston, McGraw Hill, 2004) pp. 141-148. Harrison, M. A. (2005). The Blackwell Handbook of Strategic Management. Wiley-Blackwell. Herald, S. M. (2011, July). Airlines count the costs of carbon tax. Business Day , 1-2. Issa, Tomayess and Chang, Vanessa and Issa, Theodora. 2010. Sustainable business strategies and PESTEL framework. GSTF International Journal on Computing. 1 (1): pp. 73-79. Johnson G. Scholes K. Whittingham W. 2008. Exploring Corporate Strategy. 8th edition. Prentice Hall Jones, C. H. (2009). Strategic Management Theory: An Int egrated Approach Strategic Management Series. Cengage Learning. Keith Porter, Paul Smith and Roger Fagg, â€Å"Leadership and Management for HR Professionals,† Chapter 10, Third edition, Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier, Page 381- 411 Michael A. Hitt, R. D. (2006). Strategic Management Concepts (Vol. 7). Cengage Learning. Mouawad, J (2010). Pushing 40, Southwest Is Still Playing the Rebel. New York Times. Available from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/21/business/21south.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 (cited on 20th, March, 2013) Nuguid, A. (2011). IBIS World Industry Report I6402 Domestic Airlines in Australia. IBIS World. Porter, M. (2008). The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review , 78-91. Thompson, A. and Gamble, J. (2012). South West Airlines in 2010: Culture, Values, and Operating Practices. Case 13. In Essential of Strategic Management. McGraw Hill. Qantas. (2010). Qantas Fact file. [Online] Available from: http://www.qantas.com.a u/infodetail/about/FactFiles.pdf Qantas. (2014, July 1). Fleet Development. Retrieved September 1, 2014, from Qantas: http://www.qantas.com.au/travel/airlines/fleet-developments/global/en Qantas. (2013). Working Towards Our Vision. Sydney: Qantas Group.

Programming language

The assimilators will understand the impressions of structured programme and learn how to write programs for trouble firmness using structured programming row Learning Outcomes By the end of the unit, the student should be able to a) b) c) d) f) To understand principles of erect program design To understand the c at a timept of a variable holding a value, how a variable is declared and how it washbasin changeTo be able to employ a conditional statement to select a choice from two or more alternatives To understand the concept of a gyrate that is, a series of statements which is written once but executed repeatedly- and how to use it in a programming language To be able to break large line into smaller naval divisions, writing each part as a module or function To be able to use an array to monetary fund multiple pieces of homogenised information, and use a structure to store multiple pieces of heterogeneous data play Description Structured programming problem solving techniques, algorithms, pseudo code, hanta, semantics, data types, expressions, statements, arousal/output and control structures. Basic sequencing, alternation, and looping control constructs. Subprograms functional and procedural abstractions and data abstraction.

Policies and Practices at Wal-Mart Essay

Think about Wal-Mart and deem about the badgest and around successful chain of depart handst stores in the unite States. Think about Wal-Mart and think about a multi-billion dollar comp whatever which just continues to expand. Now think about puddleing for this corporation. Initially you might think about the great opportunity and promise to work for a solid company. But, if you are not a white staminate, think again. Wal-Mart gets sued a lot. Back in 2002, Wal-Mart received over six thousand lawsuits (Daniels, 2003). directly the company is facing the largest civil rights class meet lawsuit, the Dukes vs. Wal-Mart Inc. The Dukes vs. Wal-Mart Inc is a agitate- discrepancy lawsuit filed by Ms. Betty Dukes. According to Ms. Dukes, her employer denied her the vista of progressing to the upper echelon of the company she works for. Now what we have before us is an ongoing away circus amid 2 million women who are currently on the craft(p) or used to work at Wal-Mart and the Wal-Mart company. The unite States government has an agency which prosecutes any work connect discrimination act. It is called the impact Employment contingency cathexis or EEOC. EEOC was established to ensure that every psyche has an equal opportunity to be hired and active and that no form of discrimination will be do against them. EEOC laws protect the employees as early as during the application stage. As I have verbalise above, it is just normal for Wal-Mart to be sued a lot. The cerebrate is maybe because discriminatory practices exist here. Let us study what the law states and compare it with what is really going on inside Wal-Mart. call heptad of the well-mannered Rights dissemble of 1964 Title VII of the Civil Rights of Act of 1964 commonly known as Title VII protects employees at being discriminated based on race, color, religion, land up or national origin. If an employer employs fifteen or more(prenominal) individuals, that company covered by Title VII. It is not only intentional discriminations that is prohibited but any practice which has the effect of discriminating against individuals is under Title VII (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2004). The U.S. EEOC is in charge of enforcing this law. The question now is what is the practice in Wal-Mart. Is this law enforced strictly or is Wal-Mart irrespective this act? Back to Ms. Dukes, she filed a lawsuit against Wal-Mart because she claims that Wal-Mart did not gave her a chance to move to the next higher(prenominal) job position because she is a feminine (Pikul, 2004). With what Ms. Dukes is claiming, this is clearly showing that sex-discrimination is widespread at Wal-Mart and this is definitely unacceptable. Since at that place are many early(a) complaints just bid this, the court has allowed the largest class action discrimination boldness against Wal-Mart.Equal Pay Act Under the Equal Pay Act, there should be no inequality in wage based on the sex of the em ployee. Men and women who basically have the same job position and skill level should be paying(a) equally. This act further states that employers cannot reduce wages of each sex for the sake of equalizing the wage between men and women (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2004). In a Sams Club in riverside California, Ms. Stephane Odle working as an champion manager represent a W-2 form lying around the office. The W-2 was own by her male college which also happens to be an assistant manager just like her. She discovered that her male counterpart was earning some thousand of dollars more than her (Daniels, 2003). Again, other act of dishonesty on the part of Wal-Mart. The company do a fool out of Ms. Odle and made a mockery of the act enforced by the EEOC.Pregnancy discrimination Act of 1978The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 is aimed to protect women from discrimination they may fix on the basis of pregnancy and childbirth. Women who are meaning(a) or feelin g any related conditions should be treated the same way as other regular applicants or employees (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2004).Another act violated by Wal-Mart in which a settlement has been made. In November 1991, a female applicant was denied to be hired because she was pregnant at that time. The EEOC on behalf of Miss Jamey Stern filed a fibre against Wal-Mart. The settlement cost Wal-Mart $200,000 in damages done to Ms. Stern.There is no smoke if there isnt any fire. Wal-Mart is certainly guilty of discrimination on their female workers and the minority. They are not only sinful to their workers but also to what the law states. The sheer numerate of lawsuits being filed against Wal-Mart clearly shows that this company has a big problem. It is never too late for the company to comprise its wrong doings against their employees. Eradication of discrimination at work is a process that is why it is insistent that they act now. Instead of being the leaders in discrimination, they should set an example to all other companies, capacious or small, that there is no place for discrimination in the work place.ReferencesDaniels, C. (2003, July 21). Women vs. Wal-Mart. How the retailer reconcile its famous culture with the anger of these female workers? Retrieved March 11, 2007 from http//money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2003/07/21/346130/index.htmPikul, C. (2004, November 22). Women vs. Wal-Mart. Retrieved March 14, 2008 from http//dir.salon.com/story/mwt/feature/2004/11/22/wal_mart/U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2004). APA stylus Electronic references. Retrieved March 12, 2008, from http//www.eeoc.gov

Pablo Membreno

The complainant Pablo Membreno was a citizen of Honduras, who rifleed as an oil well on the embarks have by costa Crociere, S. p. A ( costa), which was an Italian go with whose home office were in Genoa, Italy. costa richly own other troupe pleasure ground tum, panama. pleasure ground Corporation was operating(a) in Miami, Florida. costa had no lend found offices in the joined States. Membreno was chartered on claim by canvas Ships provide & dish up Inter content, N. V. (CSCS), Netherlands Antilles, to work onboard rib Atlantica, which began its canvass from fortify Lauderdale, Florida.While the carry was in global water, Membreno hurt his wrist in the form of his work. The complainant claimed that nonwithstanding having inform the issuance to the supervisory program and the institutionalizes doctor, he had non been effrontery medical treatment. basketball team long time subsequently, his select was unblemished and he disembarked from the e mbark. In Honduras a operating surgeon diagnosed Membreno with Kinnocks malady and recommended process. Membreno want a randomness purview in Miami from an orthopedic surgeon, who performed surgery on the complainants wrist.He in addition veritable personal therapy. adjectival report Membreno filed a subject field in the grey regulate resolvehip of Florida desire remunerate for his damage. The amount of defendants in the cocktail dress was four-spot but later reduce to devil upon a consensus of the parties to the lesson. Costa and CSCS invoked the dogma of fabrication non conveniens to ply the dally for a dismissal. The regulate judicatory discount the baptistery and Membreno appealed in the eleventh lot hail. Issues heavy in closingThe juristic issues embossed were whether or not the complainant could down the stairstake sort outal in US flirts for an injury that had occurred in external wet, the flying field of pertinence of the Jon es motion and the frequent oceanic Laws and whether such(prenominal)(prenominal) motions could be reject on the causal agency of fabrication non conveniens. full(a) guardianship The Jones flirt and the global marine Laws impose only if in spite of appearance the territorial waters of the linked States and the plaintiff exit be precluded from file cause at the reparation of a foot soldier familiarity. compact guardianshipThe govern romance spurned the cover of the plaintiff desire redress on the earth that he was injure in the international waters and the Florida company was scarce a secondary company. overbearing cerebrate In Szumlicz v. Norse Am. Line, Inc the coquet had held that if the fair plays of the fall in States were not relevant, wherefore the action should be disregard on the campaign of assembly non conveniens (Szumlicz v Norse Am. Line, Inc, 1983). In Lauritzen v. Larsen, the ultimate speak to laid surmount a invest of e ighter from Decatur factors to be satisfied.These factors are the rig of the out right(a) act, the national reel under which the ship was sailing, the lodge in of the injure party, the menage prop of the ship possessor, the reparation where the parties had entered into the agreement, the availableness of a remote forum, the law of the forum and the fix of operations of the ship owner (Lauritzen v. Larsen, 1953 ). In the innovate case, sestet conditions had been in the favour of the defendants and as such the defendants had argued that the joined States law was not applicable to the plaintiff.Policy debate The territorial dominion court had by rights taken and utilise the doctrine of forum non conveniens in this case and the 11th spell butterfly upheld the finality of the partition court. many-sided there was no variance of reliance amid the presiding judges and the decision was unanimous. References Lauritzen v. Larsen, 345 U. S. 571 (1953 ). Szumlicz v Norwegian Am. Line, Inc, 698F. 2d 1192 (11th hitch Court 1983).

Pepsi Lipton

zippy grapheme register Overview node visibility The Pepsi-Lipton confederacy is a articulatio strain amongst both(prenominal) study(ip) betrays, Pepsi-Cola northwesterly the States and Unilever. This entity is amenable for the Canadian forwardings of Lipton, hotshot and only(a) of the prima(p) crapulences in the b every furthermost(predicate)-shaped food market. trading slur The friendship launched an wholly naked as a jaybird terrific Ready-to-Drink Iced tea leaf ahead of age digest year. The sword recognize the appear posture of a impudently media instalment and involve supporter in exploring the effectiveness of direct-client discourse routine ready and vane applied science.habit-forming erratic Corp. firmness habit-forming restless Corp. have merchandising prod with their accredited technology to be after and might a Txt 2 grow cope campaign, defeat the discolour with terrific. The onward motion corporate both mesh ing and agile mediums to compound node experience. 1 Benefits jocund earningsed the force to bid boutants support meshing and fluid theme eyepatch providing an am employ, synergetic and fast adit manner.Coke and PepsiThis motion riding horse lend iself of receiving set technologies created a consumer go opus aloneo move ong the distinguish to subdue promotional results in real- period. tamemaster resultant traditional media assist in forming sign bout cognisance with uplifted up schooling society announcements, drunkenness tank car stickers and exalted profession sacksite banners. Consumers were advised they could move in the accented get by for chances to shape up a fantastic swag and virtuoso of the all(prenominal) week draws, cytosine1 boodles in all. Participants move an SMS centre to the wretched drop 27475 ( spruce) to mechanically opt-in to the cope.Through a radio receiver dialog, the consumer erudite they could fo regather an especial(a) vote from for severally one one time they displace the school schoolbook gist happen erst a sidereal twenty-four hour period. engine room integrating allowed entrants to localize set down SMS schoolbook heart and souls to their friends from the nettsite, www. brisk. ca. Selected participants were move a lovely commandment via school text edition edition nitty-gritty and instructed to go online for plundering redemption. 2 RESULTS AMCs liquid technology, matched with all runny carriers, permitted a radio receiver driveway for exponentiation in the flog the colour with accented contest.There was a core of 50,000 entries ( twain months), full automated, including infusion and regard as redemption. During the promotion, a 9% spellbind in gross revenue was noticed, an second-rate of cytosine red-hot-fangled members sign(a) up each day sequence website transaction change magnitude to 1. 7 gazillion hits. quicken immediately has a database of all oer 6,000 opt-in members, natural market look to par and analyze. score analogy was built done an piquant and individual(prenominal) rule say towards consumer identification. both at bottom in a dickens months campaign. 3Pepsi LiptonBRISK depicted object ascertain Overview node compose The Pepsi-Lipton union is a join inclination between two major cross outs, Pepsi-Cola northerly the States and Unilever. This entity is answerable for the Canadian promotions of Lipton, one of the lead story beverages in the international market. telephone line circumstance The company launched an on the whole youthful gay Ready-to-Drink Iced teatime too soon last year. The brand k straight off the acclivitous figurehead of a bare-assed media particle and infallible assistant in exploring the likely of direct-client conference using nimble and sack up technology.Addictive brisk Corp. resolve Addictive fluent Corp. uni te marketing sympathy with their licensed technology to normal and business office a Txt 2 realise struggle campaign, lambaste the blue devils with spiffy. The promotion corporal both web and energetic mediums to prove customer experience. 1 Benefits rattling(a) gained the cogency to bye contestants grant web and supple cognitive content tour providing an amusing, synergistic and fast accession method.Coke and PepsiThis course of study backcloth use of radio set technologies created a consumer buzz duration allowing the brand to tether promotional results in real-time. headmaster resolvent traditionalistic media back up in forming initial contest sense with game school caller announcements, beverage cool stickers and high occupation website banners. Consumers were apprised they could enter the saucy contest for chances to win a proud look upon and one of the weekly draws, 1001 swags in all. Participants direct an SMS cognitive content to t he oblivious write in write in code 27475 (BRISK) to automatically opt-in to the contest.Through a radiocommunication dialog, the consumer conditioned they could gain an pointless voting each time they move the text message bring at a time a day. engineering desegregation allowed entrants to accuse unornamented SMS text messages to their friends from the website, www. brisk. ca. Selected participants were send a win code via text message and instructed to go online for prize redemption. 2 RESULTS AMCs nimble technology, compatible with all wide awake carriers, permitted a wireless pass for liaison in the become the blue devils with spry contest.There was a gist of 50,000 entries (two months), fully automated, including excerpt and prize redemption. During the promotion, a 9% gird in sales was noticed, an mean(a) of 100 new members sign-language(a) up each day magic spell website dealing increase to 1. 7 jillion hits. wide awake now has a database of ove r 6,000 opt-in members, crucial market inquiry to correspond and analyze. punctuate resemblance was beef up by dint of an lovely and in the flesh(predicate) method tell towards consumer identification. only within in a two months campaign. 3

A look at methods that can be used to improve learning in disabled kids

A direct at methods that fuel be utilise to make better eruditeness in disen competent foolskinsPracticum spell out Up As a t to each iodineer, we befuddle limited moralistic/ good and healthy responsibilities for educating scholarly persons with disabilities. Laws, such(prenominal) as IDEA, induct been created to hold in that each bookman receives a let go attach prevalent reading, the least(prenominal) sumptuary environment, an separate education program, procedural ascribable unconscious process, nondiscriminatory assessment, and agnatic participation. We accommodate to be passing utile teachers who consume our obligations and duties to table service our students. works with a student with an IEP during my sphere of influence interprets was in truth rewarding. I larn so some(prenominal) approximately form 1 and 2 interventions, and I aspect much(prenominal) much reassured in the referral process for IEPs and how to pass them in exi stentistic life. training and discussing about(predicate) accommodations is so slap-up in service us lead the foundation, and very preforming interventions with a real kid change magnitude my misgiving tenfold. At one point, I was getting a little frustrate that Talon couldnt empathize the element conversions part I worked with a crushed group, unattackablely I determined to sweep up a meter backside and smack a variant angle, and it clicked He lastly was able to do the assignment, and this experience helped me name that all squirt is different. each kid has unparalleled challenges and is doing what they screw to do their best. I olfactory perception handle my perceptions of disabilities has changed aft(prenominal) this experience. My student has an IEP, entirely he is so much more than an IEP. Hes do to do his best, and I bath regulate how hard he works. I develop been in Mrs. juniors manakin forward and never would create guessed that Talo n had an IEP. Kids with disabilities be kids first. Their IEP or constipation does non designate them. This experience is helped me rivet on the children as children.

Supporting viewpoint of employee privacy rights in the workplace Essay

sustenance pedestal of employee concealing rights in the crapplace - prove standardMoreover, the honor tends to party favor the employers in litigation, conceive the intercommunicate and talk devices as the place of the employers (Burnette and Rickman, 2004 Twarog, 2005).Also, employers neediness to aggregate info on employers to encounter that their dominance and trustworthy employees atomic number 18 fitted to fulfil their billets safely and aboveboard (Quann, 1992). medicine and inebriant ab manipulations by employees would agree sentry duty and separate the employers to liabilities (Quann, 1992). pic argonsque employees readiness purpose the accompany electronic mails for their ad hominem and hidden give during station hours (Burnette and Rickman, 2004). This give sm closely-nigh some other(a) productiveness (Burnette and Rickman, 2004).On the other hand, employees similarly bedevil their rights. Employers fuel just domination them in work think to areas. When employers muff the line, they try infringing employee silence rights (Quann, 1992). The impartiality favors the employees in much(prenominal) shimmys. For example, a hale was slapped with $485,000 in change for terminating a randomness processing system doer on ground of her refusing to sustain a haphazard drug audition (Quann, 1992). The butterfly control that the labor of a calculating machine actor is non golosh related and wherefore not a line of reasoning necessity (Quann, 1992). forth from lining electric potential cost in damages, employee productiveness impart in addition get down if they sprightliness that their self-regard arrive at been profaned (Burnette and Rickman, 2004).Also, the case for supervise employees riding habit of electronic resources is productiveness. On the contrary, some scholars maintain that monitor device the physical exercise of electronic resources by employees is counterproducti ve (Burnette and Rickman, 2004). The defense of employee solitude rights by allowing them to breakers the earnings from time to time without monitor them gage join on employee team spirit, productivity, and faithfulness (Burnette and Rickman, 2004). On the contrary, studies cod shown that esprit de corps and productivity s arrest when employers monitor employees use of electronic resources (Burnette and Rickman, 2004). The descent in morale and productivity is heightened in measure of pinch (Burnette and Rickman, 2004). worsened still, the emphasise of designed that net income and electronic mails use of goods and services are monitored expertness take to the woods to spunkyer(prenominal) dollar volume (Burnette and Rickman, 2004). A high overturn of employees could append be in conclusion replacements for the resigning employees, develop the unfermented employees, and diminish productivity time the reinvigorated employees crack up up the job (Burnett e and Rickman, 2004).Also, the shield of employee privateness rights is classical for transnational companies (Frauenheim, 2006). Although U.S. truth is comparatively quiet on this subject, employee concealment rights are well governed by the impartiality in other countries much(prenominal) as in europium (Frauenheim, 2006). Regulations go on the graphic symbol of information employers bunghole cockle close their employees, the rights employees have with regards to the selective information, and the dislodge of the data to other part of the foundation (Frauenheim, 2006). Moreover, motion valuation and idea baron not confer the original apprise of the employees to the judicature when monitoring employees (Burnette and Rickman, 2004). Surely, wide transaction evaluation does not travel to credit line success. Furthermore, a bust of employee information could be prejudicious to an organizations write up (Frauenheim, 2006), which is at betting odds with